The smooth green snake is found in scattered populations in iowa. Green snakes are north american snakes in the family colubridae. But when their numbers get too high, or they move inside our homes, often something must be done. Smooth greensnake opheodrys vernalis smooth greensnake opheodrys vernalis endangered. The rough green snake opheodrys aestivus and the smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis. Smooth green snakes are the only snakes in eastern north america that are entirely bright green on their upper surfaces. These docile, slender, harmless snakes often live in gardens. Smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis species in greatest conservation need.
Opheodrys vernalis smooth green snake michigan natural. Opheodrys vernalis smooth greensnake vermont reptile. Liochlorophis vernalis in the vermont agency of natural resources wildlife action plan pdf opheodrys vernalis at the snakes of massachusetts website. This snake can grow to 79 cm in length but most adults are.
Troubling, however, is the seeming reality that the texas. The smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis is a species of north american nonvenomous snake in the family colubridae. Conservation preservation education public information. Range smooth green snakes are found from northern canada down to the southern united states and even into northern mexico. Moist native prairies or prairie marshes, hibernate in rock crevices or burrows threats. Smooth greensnake opheodrys vernalis is a more northern species, distributed in maryland only in the more western counties, from the blue ridge, through the valleyandridge into the appalachians. Smooth green snake liochlorophis vernalis or opheodrys vernalis a. George western banded gecko wshcoleonyx variegatus ss st. Working manuscript of followup volumes to mcdiarmid et al. The north american green snakes are the two species of the genus opheodrys.
A population of rough green snakes opheodrys aestivus was studied by markrecapture at ransom lake rl in northcentral arkansas over 7 yr 19861992. Opheodrys vernalis, smooth green snake english source. Revives accounts from the 1940s concerning the possible existence of specimens of this locally rare snake purportedly collected by gabriel marnoch at or near his home in helotes, texas. Summary 2 the smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis is species of north american nonvenomous snake in the family colubridae. Fact sheet scientific name opheodrys vernalis general description l 1222. A thin, slender bright green snake measuring 1020 inches.
Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of opheodrys vernalis smooth green snake discover life. Smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis, 2011 2011 smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis, 2011. This beautiful little snake is one of only five wisconsin snakes to have unkeeled scales. Opheodrys aestivus, commonly known as the rough green snake, is a nonvenomous north american colubrid. Currently no subspecies of either species is recognized. True to its name, the smooth greensnake has smooth scales and is solid bright green with a white or offwhite belly very young greensnakes neonates are a very dark green smooth greensnakes can grow to be 2 feet long the longest documented in vermont is 19 inches smooth greensnakes lay eggs. Having read everything available to me on the subject. Our goal is to document their distribution and help measure changes or trends in populations. Smooth greensnakes may be active from april to october ernst and ernst 2003. Snakes that live in grass or trees are usually green in color to blend in with the leaves. Heres what you need to know when dealing with a possible smooth green snake on your property. Isolated relict populations occur in scattered areas of the midwest and northern mexico. Abby miller is a 2nd year majoring in zoology at the ohio state university and is a volunteer in the tetrapod collection. Be sure to check your local wildlife laws before purchasing a smooth green snake, as the species.
Opheodrys vernalis smooth green snake discover life. Smooth green snakes opheodrys vernalis are small, lithe reptiles who live throughout the northern portions of the united states and southern canada. The name smooth refers to the unkeeled scales which give the snake a sleek, smooth texture and appearance. Smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis habitat preference. Most snakes have a secondary color pattern which helps to make them blend in. Rough green snakes grow to be around 2 to 3 feet long, while smooth green snakes are smaller and shorter, usually maxing out at about 2 feet. Smooth green snake nongame new hampshire fish and game. This snake was formerly classifed in the genus liochlorophis. It would be many years later, however, long after my days of youth, that i would encounter another such species in the genus, the rough green snake opheodrys aestivus. As their common names imply, the rough green snake has keeled dorsal scales, whereas the smooth green snake has smooth.
Unpatterned and green above, white to pale yellow below, the smooth green snake is difficult to confuse with any other snake in massachusetts. It is a slender, small medium snake that measures 3651 cm 1420 in as an adult. However, as its name indicates, the smooth green snake has smooth scales. George western threadsnake wshleptotyphlops humilis ss. Opheodrys is a genus of small to mediumsized nonvenomous colubrid snakes commonly referred to as green snakes.
Opheodrys vernalis is oviparous and lays small clutches of smooth eggs under rocks in loose loamy soil. Smooth greensnake opheodrys vernalis introduction smooth greensnakes occur in southeast and southcentral wyoming, as well as the black hills. Rough green snake, smooth green snake, grass snake, green whip snake, garden snake, vine snake, keeled green snake. View all records for opheodrys vernalis the michigan herp atlas began in 2004 in an effort to collect observational data about michigans amphibians and reptiles. Texas populations of the smooth green snake opheodrys. Smooth greensnake opheodrys vernalis indiana herp atlas. No subspecies of smooth green snake, opheodrys vernalis, are recognized any longer. They lay eggs, and they subsist on insects and spiders. The verdant enigmaforgotten allegations of the smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis from the edwards plateau of texas. The smooth green snake and the emerald tree boa are some examples. Smooth greensnake a guide to snakes of southeast texas. The bright emerald green color of this snake makes it easy to identify, although buffcolored individuals may be found in northern and central. Utah bureau of land management sensitive wildlife species. Occasionally smooth green snakes can be brown or tan in coloration.
This snake may be distinguished from the other, more widespread green snake species in maryland, the more arboreal rough green snake opheodrys aestivus by noting that the dorsal scales. The species is also referred to as the grass snake. This distinctively beautiful snake is bright green with glossy smooth scales and a whitish underbelly. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, opheodrys. I grew up on cape cod in massachusetts and was only able to get my hands on a few different snake species as a child, one being the smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis. Smooth greensnake opheodrys vernalis amphibians and. Smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis ss duc, dag, gra, sal, snj, sum, uin, uta, web, wst benm, moab, monticello, salt lake, vernal speckled rattlesnake wshcrotalus mitchellii ss st. The animal diversity web team is excited to announce adw pocket guides. There are some populations in the western united states, including wyoming and new mexico. Pesticide use o this species has an almost exclusive insect diet and are susceptible to insecticide poisoning. Loss of habitat o conversion of prairie to cultivated ground.
This coloration camouflages them well in their grassy habitats. Oldham and smith 1991 demonstrated several significant categorical differences between opheodrys aestivus and o. These variants have been reported from central iowa. Opheodrys vernalis at the animal diversity website. Hatchling smooth green snakes are darker in appearance and may be olive green, gray, or even blueish. The scales are smooth hence the name and the anal plate is divided. The european colubrid called grass snake natrix natrix is unrelated. Data sheet produced by the iowa department of natural resources is about different times of animals, insects, snakes, birds, fish, butterflies, etc. It gets its common name from its smooth dorsal scales, as opposed to the rough green snake, which has keeled dorsal scales.
Similarly, grobman 1992 diagnoses borealis as a a smooth scaled opheodrys closely related to 0. As its name implies, the rough green snake is bright green, with a white belly. New jersey endangered and threatened species field guide. Adults are relatively small, rarely exceeding two feet 60 cm in length. United states department of agriculture forest service. Distributional addenda for the smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis in western colorado, and the status of. Smooth green snake liochlorophis vernalis photo by usfws carl passardt. These colors mimic the leaves, dirt and bark that might be found around where the snake lives. It is sometimes called grass snake or green grass snake, but these names are more commonly applied to the smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis. Remarks on the distribution of the smooth green snake, opheodrys vernalis blanchardi grobman in texas.
Smooth green snakes are usually bright green, but may rarely be tan. The smooth green snake is a small, unmarked, bright green snake that looks very much like the rough green snake. The scales are smooth and total body length ranges from 30 to 66 cm. The smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis, sometimes called green grass snake, is. In north america the genus consists of two distinct species. Males are usually smaller than females, but have longer tails. Distributional addenda for the smooth green snake opheodrys vernalis in western colorado, and the status of its subspecies. The rough green snake is docile, often allowing close approach by humans.
1210 149 789 550 1333 1066 1347 763 641 290 98 1512 426 349 1321 1348 954 706 1240 1068 1467 1085 1161 1084 869 375 405 710 463 904 661 789 1370 592 406 712 245 1331 1017 126 163 549 1002 1095